分类： <span>Quality & Testing</span>

The Certificate of Analysis is the manufacturer’s signed statement of what is actually in the vial. Here is how to read each section — identity, HPLC purity, net peptide content, residual solvents, and batch data — so you can evaluate every batch with confidence.

“99% pure” is a measurement, not an opinion. A plain-language look at how reversed-phase HPLC quantifies purity and how mass spectrometry confirms identity — and why seeing the raw chromatogram and mass spectrum matters more than the number on the label.